Early Action Protocol - Kaduna State, Nigeria | Floods
During flooding incidences in Kaduna, the most vulnerable and most at risk suffer disproportionally due to pre-existing vulnerabilities, including gender inequalities.
Highlights
Nigeria experiences heavy rains across all States each year resulting in overflowing rivers and dams. Flooding ranks as the highest environmental disaster in the country causing significant destruction of property and loss of lives. Riverine floods rank highest especially in states bordering the Niger and Benue Rivers, with urban floods being experienced in most states of the country. Some littoral States experience ocean surge which has led to flooding in some instances. The major contributing factors to flooding in Nigeria are dam management, dumping of refuse in drainages causing blockage, and building on flood plains with no provisions for surface drainage.
According to National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), in 2022 Nigeria faced the worst flooding observed in the last 10 years, affecting 4.4 million people, displaced 1.4 million and 600 fatalities. In 2020, the flooding, had also devastating impacts (more than 129, 000 displaced; 68 persons killed), properties and farmlands, affecting 320 local government areas in 35 states including the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The impact of the 2012 floods was very high: 363 people were killed, 5,851 injured, 3,891,314 affected and 3,871,053 displaced. The floods in 2018 were also devastating: 2.3 million people were affected. Generally, anticipatory action to floods in Nigeria has not been prioritized. Many of the Nigerian states that are affected by seasonal flooding have little or no systems to support communities in anticipating, preparing, and protecting themselves and their livelihoods to losses resulting from the various types of flooding including recovering resiliently from the disaster events. In this Early Action Protocol (EAP), we majorly focus on Kaduna state, which was the location for the pilot intervention for the shock responsive social protection project being implemented with ECHO funding, in cooperation with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), the Red Cross affiliated Climate Center based in the Hague, the Nigerian Red Cross (NRCS) and the UNICEF.
