Programming Tool 1
‘Good Enough’ WASH in Emergencies Conflict Sensitivity Tool
Purpose
This Tool complements the Programming Guide ‘The ‘what’ and the ‘how’ of conflict-sensitive WASH’. It can support the integration of a conflict-sensitive lens to WASH in emergency (WiE) programming, when time constraints and programming modalities make it difficult to carry out a comprehensive analysis and conflict-sensitive programme design/adaptation process. The tool can also be adapted to guide a ‘light touch’ approach to integrate conflict sensitivity in any intervention when relevant.
Key Steps
Step 1
Carry out a localized WASH-related conflict scan (and any other integrated sector; call it ‘community-based context assessment’ if ‘conflict’ language is problematic) – integrate in existing/upcoming emergency assessments; find appropriate ‘language’/‘actors’ to engage and use this process to gauge the appetite for conflict-sensitive/peacebuilding approaches
Step 2
Identify relevant ‘conflict dynamics and interactions to watch’ in consultation with key stakeholders – ensure focus on the two-way interaction (not only the risks to your intervention) and leverage this process to build trust among key stakeholders and with the WASH team/partners
Step 3
Build systematic and ‘evident’ monitoring efforts around these ‘dynamics to watch’ and leverage consultative, accountability,
and/or grievance management mechanisms (e.g. accountability to affected populations) to monitor changes in a transparent and participatory way
Step 4
Build in opportunities to promptly and ‘visibly’ adapt practices/activities in response to Step 2 and capitalize on the moments of change to document your conflict-sensitivity ‘successes/failures’ so you and others can learn from the experience
Step 5
If opportunities exist, consider ‘Doing More Good’ – for example, identify ‘local capacities for peace’ amongst relevant stakeholders that can be harnessed to address WASH-relevant conflict drivers (e.g. ensure equitable access, promote collaborative engagement through water resource/WASH service management)
Step 6
Ensure that the closure and exit of your intervention is conflict sensitive –manage asset handover carefully, ensure transparent and inclusive communication with all relevant stakeholders, ensure relevant agreements about the joint management and sharing of resources/assets are in place, and ensure grievance/feedback mechanisms remain in place beyond UNICEF/IP engagement.
Conflict Sensitivity ‘spot checks’
During programme implementation
- What changes have we seen in the peace and conflict dynamics in the past period, and what do we foresee in the next?
- What two-way interactions have we seen betweent our WASH intervention and peace and conflict dynamics; what is the impact of these; and what can we foresee in the next period?
- What adaptation or mitigation actions have we taken/should we take?
During exit/closure of programmes
- How are remaining resources shared or allocated within or across communities?
- How is the handover of assets/infrastructure being handled – by whom, who is the custodian?
- Is there consensus on the mechanisms that have been put in place for operation and maintenance, and on the corresponding roles and responsibilities? What are the security risks for local staff, partners or community members that have been involved in implementation after the project ends?
Potential Conflict Risks and Mitigation Measures for WiE Programming
Response Element | How it can contribute to conflict | Potential mitigation measures |
Targeting and beneficiary selection |
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Control over WASH services |
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Role of local structures |
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Inter-agency coordination |
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